Theory of surface polariton generation through grating couplers

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Abstract
We discuss the theory of surface polariton generation by grating couplers. The emphasis is on an analysis of the manner in which the grating may modify the frequency spectrum of a shaped incident pulse. If L is the length of the portion of the grating illuminated by the incident beam, then we find that the frequency spectrum of the incident pulse can be transmitted to the surface polariton undistorted if the criterion L<Vg/σ is satisfied, where Vg is the group velocity of the surface polariton and σ is a measure of the spread of frequencies in the incident beam used to excite the surface polaritons. If this criterion is not satisfied, the frequency spectrum of the transmitted pulse will be narrower than that in the incident pulse. The treatment here provides expressions for the absolute amplitude and shape of the transmitted signal, within the framework of a method that assumes the height of the grating is small.

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