Soybean Seed Decay: Prevalence of Infection and Symptom Expression Caused by Phomopsis sp., Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae, and D. phaseolorum var. caulivora

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Abstract
An undescribed Phomopsis sp., D. phaseolorum var. sojae (Dps) and D. phaseolorum var. caulivora (Dpc), the primary fungi associated with soybean [Glycine max] seed decay, were isolated from immature, symptomless plants. Phomopsis sp. was detected more often than Dps at all stages of soybean growth, but Dpc was isolated infrequently and was first recovered shortly before plant maturity. Phomopsis sp. and Dps caused blotching and formed pycnidia on stems and pods of naturally or artifically infected mature plants. Appearance of blotching and pycnidia coincided with premature ripening on most plants in soil infested with Phomopsis. All 3 fungi were isolated infrequently from green seed, but incidence increased as plants matured. Phomopsis was recovered significantly more often from immature and mature seed than was Dps, which was recovered more often than Dpc. All three were isolated from moldy and fissured seed. Percentage seed infected with Phomopsis and Diaporthe increased and germination decreased with harvest delay. Seed inoculated with Phomopsis. Dps or Dpc or from highly-infected seed lost germinated poorly in nonsterile soil.

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