Mechanism of inhibition of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase by captan

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Abstract
Captan (N-trichloromethylthiocyclohex-4-ene-1,2-dicarboximide) inhibited RNA synthesis in vitro catalyzed by E. coli RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6). Incorporation of [.gamma.-32P]ATP and [.gamma.-32P]GTP was inhibited by captan to the same extent as overall RNA synthesis. The ratio of [3H]UTP incorporation to that of [.gamma.-32P]ATP or of [.gamma.-32P]GTP in control and captan-treated samples indicated that initiation was inhibited, but the length of RNA chains being synthesized was not altered by captan treatment. Limited-substrate assays in which reinitiation of RNA chains did not occur also showed that captan had no effect on the elongation reaction. Studies which measured the interaction of RNA polymerase with template DNA revealed that the binding of enzyme to DNA was inhibited by captan. Glycerol-gradient sedimentation of the captan-treated RNA polymerase indicated that the inhibition of the enzyme was irreversible and did not result in dissociation of its subunits. These data are consistent with a mechanism in which RNA polymerase activity was irreversibly altered by captan, resulting in an inability of the enzyme to bind to the template. This interaction was probably at the DNA-binding site on the polymerase and did not involve reaction of captan with the DNA template.