Synergised cyfluthrin and cypermethrin as grain protectants on bulk wheat

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Abstract
Duplicate field trials were carried out on bulk wheat in commercial silos in Queensland and New South Wales. Laboratory bioassays on samples of treated grain at intervals over 8 or 9 months storage using malathion‐resistant strains of insects established that treatments were generally effective. Cyfluthrin (2 mg kg−1) plus piperonyl butoxide (10 mg kg−1) and cypermethrin (4 mg kg−1) plus piperonyl butoxide (10 mg kg−1) completely controlled two strains of Sitophilus oryzae L. Control of a third strain by the cypermethrin combination was incomplete after 11/2 months and neither controlled a multi‐resistant laboratory strain. Both combinations were effective against Rhyzopertha dominica F., Tribolium castaneum Herbst and Ephestia cautella Walker. No natural infestation developed in the treated grain in any silo.Mean residues of cyfluthrin and cypermethrin after 9 months storage were 58% and 52% of the calculated application rates, respectively. Compared with overall concentrations in the wheat, residue levels were higher in bran and pollard and lower in white flour. During baking, residues decreased by up to 29%. Operators experienced respiratory irritation associated with exposure to both combinations and alternative formulations would be required for use of these materials in grain storage.