Revision of Trillium Subgenus Phyllantherum (Liliaceae)

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Abstract
A taxonomic revision, based mainly on morphological and distributional criteria, is presented for all taxa ofTrillium subgen.Phyllantherum Raf., which is characterized by sessile flowers. The 22 species recognized as valid include 17 morpho-geographical species in the eastern United States and five in the northwestern United States and California. These species form three morphological alliances that are characterized informally as “species groups.” All the taxa are described, and a key to species and varieties is provided. Five new species are described:Trillium decipiens, T. reliquum, T. foetidissimum, T. albidum, and T. kurabayashii; and a new status,T. angustipetalum (Torrey) Freeman, based onT. sessile var.angustipetalum Torrey, is proposed. Six new flower color forms are described:T. reliquum f. luteum, T. stamineum f. Iuteum, T. maculatum F. luteum, T. maculatum f. simulans, T. foetidissimum f. luteum, and T. cuneatum f. luteum. County distribution maps are included for all species and varieties, and an annotated synonymy is presented for each taxon.

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