Abstract
Central nuclear collisions at energies far above 1 GeV/nucleon may provide for conditions, where the transition from highly excited hadronic matter into quark matter or quark-gluon plasma can be probed. Here I review our current understanding of the physical properties of a quark-gluon plasma and review ideas about the nature of, and signals for, the deconfinement transition. I also give a detailed presentation of recent progress in the treatment of the formation of a thermalized state at the parton level.

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