Stress-enhanced epithelial permeability to antigenic proteins is mediated by cholingergic mechanisms and occurs via both transcellular and paracellular pathways: P.R. Saunders, A.J. Kiliaan∗, J.A. Groot∗, P.B. Bijlsma∗∗, J.A. Taminiau∗∗, M.H. Perdue. Intestinal Disease Research Program, Dept of Pathology, McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Canada; ∗Institute Neurobiol, Univ Amsterdam∗ and ∗∗Dept Ped Gastroenterol Nutr, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands