Healing following reimplantation of teeth subjected to root planing and citric acid treatment

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Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of citric acid treatment on periodontal healing around teeth which were extracted root planed and then reimplanted. Maxillary incisors and mandibular incisors, premolars and molars of 5 monkeys were used. The teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups. In 1 group, the teeth were extracted and immediately reimplanted into their own sockets. In a 2nd group, the teeth were extracted, root planted to a level corresponding to 50-75% of the root length and then reimplanted. In the 3rd group, periodontal breakdown extending to 50-75% of the root length was 1st induced by placing orthodontic elastic ligatures around the teeth. They were then extracted and root planed and transplanted into the sockets of the contralateral, periodontally healthy teeth which had just been extracted. Half the number of the teeth of groups 2 and 3 were treated with citric acid before reimplantation or transplantation. Animals were sacrificed after 6 mo. of healing. The jaws were removed and histological specimens prepared for microscopic examination. With the exception of a limited coronal regrowth of new cementum in the apical part of the planed portion of a few roots, connective tissue attachment failed to reform on most root surfaces deprived of their periodontal ligament tissue. Healing was most frequently characterized by root resorption and ankylosis. These were the most predominant features of healing both on root surfaces which were deprived of the ligament tissue by mechanical means or during a course of experimentally-induced periodontal disease and occurred in citric acid and non-citric acid treated roots. The result of healing following tooth reimplantation is determined by the type of cells that repopulate the wound area adjacent to the denuded root surface.