Helicobacter pylorij – infection in an Australian regional city: prevalence and risk factors

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Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and potential risk factors for infection in an adult Australian population. Design Cross‐sectional study. Setting Ballarat, a major regional city in Victoria (population, 78 000; 92% born in Australia), November 1994 to July 1995. Participants 217 adults randomly selected from the electoral roll. Main outcome measures H. pylori lgG antibody status by enzyme immunoassay; amount of dental plaque; sociodemographic and other potential risk factors; odds ratios for risk factors determined by logistic regression analysis. Results Age‐standardised prevalence of H. pylori infection was 30.6%. After adjustment for age, sex and socioeconomic index, positive H. pylori status was significantly associated with increasing number of tooth surfaces with a high plaque score (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.1‐2.7), increasing number of years in a job with public contact (OR, 1.7; 95% Cl, 1.3‐2.3), blood group B antigen (OR, 3.1; 95% Cl, 1.1‐9.1), and having lived in a household with more than six members during childhood (OR, 2.5; 95% Cl, 1.1‐5.5). Negative H. pylori status was significantly associated with increasing education, having ever lived on a farm, and having teeth scaled less than once a year. Conclusions H. pylori infection is common. Dental plaque may be a reservoir for H. pylori, which is probably transmitted by person‐to‐person contact, and blood group B antigen may predispose to infection. Community education about effective oral hygiene and adoption of good hygiene practices by those with regular public contact may be important to prevent acquisition and transmission of H. pylori.