Studies on the etiology of urolithiasis in Karachi

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Abstract
The diagnosis of urinary calculi is a common urological finding in West Pakistan. To determine the etiological factors, 40 stones were analyzed. Most of the stones were of a mixed type and a high incidence of urates in the stones was found. Associated etiological factors in 29 stone formers, as compared with 21 normal subjects, appear to be variations in urinary pH, crystalluria of calcium oxalate—dihydrate and hypercalciuria in some cases, raised serum and urine mucoproteins in adults. The diet of stone formers was found to be low in calories, phosphorus, and vitamin A and high in carbohydrate.