Structures of GaN(0001)-(2×2), -(4×4), and -(5×5)Surface Reconstructions

Abstract
Various reconstructions on the GaN(0001) surface are studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Based on the comparison between the STM observations and first-principles total-energy calculations, we propose an adatom scheme for the basic 2×2 and 4×4 structures, and others as well. It is revealed that the 5×5 phase consists of a linear chain of unevenly displaced Ga adatoms along the [112¯0] direction due to lattice relaxation.

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