Cytotaxonomic Studies on the Two Cultivated Species and the Wild Relatives in the Genus Echinochloa

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Abstract
Cytogenetic"studies of E. colona (L.) Link, indigenous to Malaya and Java, and Indian strains of the cultivated sp. E. frumentacea (Roxb.) Link, indicate they are hexaploids (n = 27) with completely homologous genomes. It is assumed that E. colona is a wild form of E. frumentacea. The hexaploid vars. of E. crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and the Japanese cultivated strains of this sp. have the same chromosome constitution. It is suggested that the Japanese cultivated strains are direct derivatives of the hexaploid wild forms. On the basis of cytological data the Chino-Japanese strains of E. frumentacea are separated from this sp. and given a new specific name, E. utilis Ohwi et Yabuno. The evidence suggests that E. utilis was derived from hexaploid varieties of E. crus-galli probably in the Far East. E. colona and E. crus-galli do not have common genomes. They also differ morphologically, particularly with respect to the panicles, and in geographic distribution.

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