The geomagnetic polarity time scale

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Abstract
The patterns of marine magnetic anomalies for the Late Cretaceous through Neogene (C-sequence) and Late Jurassic through Early Cretaceous (M-sequence) have been calibrated by magnetostratigraphic studies to biostratigraphy, cyclostratigraphy, and a few radiometrically dated levels. The geomagnetic polarity time scale for the past 160 myr has been constructed by fitting these constraints and a selected model for spreading rates. The status of the geomagnetic polarity time scale for each geological period is summarized in Chapters 11–22 as appropriate. PRINCIPLES Magnetic field reversals and magnetostratigraphy The principal goal of magnetostratigraphy is to document and calibrate the global geomagnetic polarity sequence in stratified rocks and to apply this geomagnetic polarity time scale for high-resolution correlation of marine magnetic anomalies and of polarity zones in other sections. The basis of magnetostratigraphy is the retention by rocks of a magnetic imprint acquired in the geomagnetic field that existed when the sedimentary rock was deposited or the igneous rock underwent cooling. The imprint most useful for paleomagnetic directions and magnetostratigraphy is recorded by particles of iron oxide minerals. Most of the material in this chapter is updated from summaries in Harland et al. (1990) and Ogg (1995). Excellent reviews are given in Opdyke and Channell (1996) for magnetostratigraphy and McElhinny and McFadden (2000) for general paleomagnetism.

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