Steroid Structural Requirements for Mammary Gland Differentiation in Vitro

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Abstract
The structural characteristics of the steroid molecule required for mammary gland differentiation in vitro have been studied. For moderate activity at 3 X 10-7 [image], the 4-pregnen nucleus must have the following substitutents: 1) a keto group at position 20; and 2) 11[beta]-ol or 21-ol. It is not known whether the 3-keto group is required for activity. For high activity at 3 X 10-7 [image], in addition to a keto group at position 20, the requirements include an [alpha]-hydroxyl group at position 17 or an aldehyde group at 18, and either 11[beta]-ol or 11-one. Introduction of an 11[alpha]-ol group into Reichstein''s S, e.g., 11[alpha]-hydrocortisone, obliterates the activity of the parent compound. Reduction of the [DELTA] 4 double bond of 11[beta]-hydrocortisone to the 5[beta]-dihydro form abolishes all activity, although a small amount of activity is retained in the 5[alpha]-dihydro form. The results obtained are consistent with the possibility that both aldosterone and corticosterone are involved in mouse mammary gland differentiation in vivo.

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