Human Endometrial Expression of Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor (G‐CSF) and Its Receptor, Stimulation of Endometrial G‐CSF Production by Interleukin‐1β, and G‐CSF Inhibition of Choriocarcinoma Cell Proliferation

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Abstract
PROBLEM: To investigate the expression, regulation thereof, and actions of human endometrial granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). METHODS: Endometrial expression of messenger ribonucleic acids for G-CSF and its receptor were studied using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In tissue culture, endometrial G-CSF protein production, baseline and in response to interleukin-1β, was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay of the conditioned media. G-CSF effects on proliferation of three choriocarcinoma cell lines were determined. RESULTS: In vivo, human endometrium expressed messenger ribonucleic acids for G-CSF and its receptor throughout the menstrual cycle, and endometrium expressed G-CSF protein in vitro. Interleukin-1β stimulated endometrial G-CSF protein production in time and dose dependent manners. G-CSF inhibited proliferation of two choriocarcinoma cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that 1) G-CSF may have physiologic roles in the endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle; 2) endometrial G-CSF protein production is stimulated by interleukin-1β; and 3) that G-CSF may, in part, mediate local actions of interleukin-1β and modulate trophoblast proliferation.