LIFE EVENTS, CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT, ACHIEVEMENT EXPECTATION, AND DEPRESSION AMONG EARLY ADOLESCENTS

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Abstract
Recent studies have consistently found that recent life events are related to depressive symptoms among children and adolescents. A supportive environment is frequently demonstrated to moderate the impact of life events. However, most of the studies focus only on the family environment, while the school environment is grossly neglected. The present study examines the effect of social support and achievement efficacy on depression and its possible moderating role among 3,582 early adolescents. It is found that a supportive environment and a sense of achievement expectation have a direct beneficial effect on adolescents, but only achievement expectation demonstrates the moderating effect. The implications of the findings are discussed.