Abstract
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (tick-borne typhus) is the most important rickettsial disease in the United States. Its changing status since the beginning of this century is reviewed, and the various factors responsible for the recent increase in disease incidence, which in 1974 reached record proportions, are discussed. Reference is made to the large variety of ixodid ticks which has been found naturally infected with Rickettsia rickettsii or with related but distinct rickettsial agents, and the findings of recent studies pertaining to population dynamics and host relationships of various tick vectors are presented. Also reviewed are technical advances in methodology applicable to rickettsial research, particularly those procedures which may lead to a more efficient diagnosis or prevention of spotted fever. Finally, those steps are outlined which would bring about a decrease in the morbidity and mortality of this disease.

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