Quantification of left ventricular function with magnetic resonance images acquired in real time

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Abstract
The application of real‐time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to cardiac imaging is particularly attractive because current MR examinations of left ventricular (LV) function can be prohibitively long and are dependent on electrocardiographic triggering. We conducted a study of the minimum spatial and temporal resolution requirements necessary for real‐time ventricular function MR imaging to quantify LV volumes accurately, both at resting conditions and during cardiac stress tests. In addition, we implemented a real‐time segmented echoplanar imaging pulse sequence and used it to quantify LV volume in 10 healthy volunteers. We compared these results with those obtained using conventional gradient‐echo cine imaging and found good agreement throughout the cardiac cycle (mean difference −0.8 ± 10.6 ml). In conclusion, real‐time cardiac MR imaging can be used to quantify LV volumes accurately throughout the cardiac cycle, over the physiologic range of heart rates, thereby decreasing the time required for a complete functional cardiac examination. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:430–438.