Abstract
In both Sweden and the United States, married women have the right to seek employment outside the home. American wives, however, are regarded as having the option of employment, while Swedish wives are urged to see themselves as obligated to bring in family income. The purpose of this article is to report research findings on the breadwinning orientation of Swedish and American working wives. Comparisons are made to see if Swedish wives have in fact adopted the breadwinning role more than their American counterparts. Factors associated with variations in employed wives' breadwinning orientation are also explored.

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