Sludge Management Systems: Optimal Planning

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Abstract
A mathematical model for the optimal cost planning of sludge handling and disposal systems in water and wastewater treatment plants is presented. The model can be applied both to single plants and groups of plants with or without centralized treatment. It uses mixed integer programming to determine the types of sludge handling processes, their capacities and locations, the locations of the ultimate disposal sites, and the transportation modes among the sites. Mixed integer programming enables the model to handle economies of scale, mutually exclusive flows between processes, and discrete sizes for sludge processing units. The utility of such optimization models will substantially increase with tightening regulations governing sludge disposal

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