Effects of Bacterial Endotoxin on Ciliary Activity in the Tubotympanum

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Abstract
The discovery of endotoxin in effusion of otitis media with effusion (OME) has suggested the possibility that bacterial endotoxin may be involved in the pathogenesis and development of OME. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), possessing the major part of endotoxin activity, on the ciliary activity in the tubotympanum. The study shows that LPS deteriorates ciliary activity in a dose-response fashion and that even low levels can, with extended exposure, cause dysfunction of cilia. It can be postulated that endotoxin in middle ear effusions aggravates the condition of mucociliary dysfunction, thus leading to chronic OME.