Frequency shift in three-photon resonance

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Abstract
We calculate the line shift in the three-photon resonance-absorption experiment performed by Ferrel, Payne, and Garrett [Phys. Rev. A 36, 81 (1988)] and find it large, to the violet, and close to experiment. In comparison, the calculated single-photon resonance shift in absorption is a factor of 30 times smaller and to the red. The three-photon resonance shift depends on the relative propagation directions of the excitation beams, and we present a formula for the case where only two excitation beams are present.