Effect of Temperature on Phytotoxicity and Root Uptake of Several Herbicides

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Abstract
The phytotoxicity of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea (linuron) to corn (Zea maysL.) and soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) seedlings and 2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine (atrazine) to soybean seedlings increased with increasing temperature from 20 to 30 C. The phytotoxicity of α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) did not change significantly between 20 and 30 C. Corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C translocated more14C from14C-atrazine and soybeans more14C from14C-linuron to the shoots during the 4-hr root uptake treatment period than plants grown at 20 C. There was less accumulation of14C from14C-atrazine in soybean roots and14C-linuron and14C-trifluralin in the roots of corn and soybean plants grown at 30 C compared to those grown at 20 C. Comparison of data at 30 C and 20 C during the 4-hr root uptake treatment period showed enhanced root to shoot movement of14C from14C-atrazine in corn and from14C-linuron in soybean at the higher uptake treatment temperature indicating a possible relationship between increased herbicide transport to the shoot at high temperature and increased phytotoxicity.