Abstract
The name Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum Fischer, 1854 is included in the synonymy of the species Diaphanosoma brachyurum (Liévin, 1848) and cannot be used as a valid name for the American populations of the genus. The populations described under this name have been identified as a new species, Diaphanosoma birgei n.sp., and populations from Europe, Asia, and Africa with conspecific characters as Diaphanosoma birgei ssp. lacustris n.ssp. A comparison with other species ocuring within the area of its distribution is given.

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