Piezoelectricity in nylon 11

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Abstract
At the present time, only poled, drawn poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) films give evidence of sufficiently high piezoelectric response to be useful in device applications, and for this reason the great majority of research has centered around this polymer. As in the case of PVF2, many odd nylons crystallize in a polar space group with a large net dipole moment in the unit cell. On the basis of the understanding now reached of the properties of poled PVF2 films, it would appear that the odd nylons have the potential to make films with high piezoelectric activity. Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity in nylon 11 films have been studied previously. The piezoelectric strain constants found were larger than most polymers, but still two orders of magnitude less than the corresponding activity found in poled oriented PVF2 (d31∼20 pC/N). Studies carried out in this laboratory have shown that by appropriate variation of poling conditions and sample microstructure, relatively large piezoelectric constants can be obtained for nylon 11 films (d31∼3 pC/N). The dependence of the piezoelectric strain constant d31 on poling temperature, poling field, and crystal structure will be discussed.