THE NATURE OF THE R WAVE POTENTIALS IN THE TORTOISE AND FROG HEART

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Abstract
Exp. shows that the potential distribution in a circular disc conducting field of large dimensions surrounding the hearts of the tortoise and frog during the period of QRS complex resembles that due to a dipole but is somewhat more complicated. It may be approximated by the combination of 2 dipoles, oriented in the general direction of base to apex with the neg. charge at the base, the pos. at the apex, developing asynchronously. The potential curves recorded in the outlying field are functions of space and time, and demand for their interpretation a rise of potential above as well as a fall below the level of resting potential. This interpretation is in accord with the membrane theory of action potentials, but is opposed to the usual interpretation of the classical negativity hypothesis.

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