Hyperglycemic Factor in Submandibular Glands and its Etiological Relations to Diabetes Mellitus in Mice

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Abstract
Bilateral ligation of both the submandibular and parotid ducts of adult normal and mutant hyperinsulinemic diabetic mice resulted in a significant hypoglycemic effect. Duct ligation may result in the removal of hyperglycemic factor rather than a change in insulin sensitivity. Indeed, no change in specific binding of 125I-insulin was observed in membrane fractions from several tissues obtained from mice of either sex or strains before and after duct ligation. After slices of the submandibular gland were incubated for 4 h in Eagle''s medium, an aliquot of the culture medium was injected i.p. into normal adult mice. A significant hyperglycemic effect was observed in 30 min in the injected animals. Eluates obtained by gel filtration of the crude extract of the submandibular gland were injected into normal adult mice, and hyperglycemia ensued. Ligation of salivary ducts apparently results in glandular atrophy and disappearance of the hyperglycemic factor which in turn leads to hypoglycemia and amelioration of diabetes mellitus, particularly of hyperinsulinemic type.