First field demonstration of optical submarine cable system using LD-pumped Er-doped optical fibre amplifier

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Abstract
This is a report on the first field demonstration of an optical submarine cable system using an in-line Er-doped optical fibre amplifier pumped by a 1.47μm laser diode. The experiment was performed at an ocean depth of 3000 m. With a maximum optical repeater gain of 20 dB, l.2 Gbit/s intensity-modulated optical signals were transmitted stably during and after installation and also during recovery of the system. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an automatic-gain-control (AGC) scheme proposed for optical amplifiers was confirmed in a practical environment.