Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) bridges DNA in a discrete, higher-order nucleoprotein complex

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Abstract
Barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) is a highly conserved cellular protein that was identified by its activity in protecting retroviral DNA against autointegration. We show that BAF has the property of bridging double-stranded DNA in a highly ordered nucleoprotein complex. Whereas BAF protein alone is a dimer in solution, upon binding DNA, BAF forms a dodecamer with DNA bound at multiple discrete sites in the complex. The interactions between BAF and DNA are entirely nonspecific with respect to DNA sequence. The dual interaction of BAF with DNA and LAP2, a protein associated with the nuclear lamina, suggests a role for LAP2 in chromosome organization. Consistent with this idea, RNA interference experiments with Caenorhabditis elegans reveal a defect in mitosis.