Nanomolar and Micromolar Effects of 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 on Amnion-Derived WISH Epithelial Cells: Differential Roles of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors γ and δ and Nuclear Factor κB

Abstract
15-Deoxy Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an activator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and -δ, is a prostanoid metabolite with anti-inflammatory actions. In intrauterine tissues, proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins have been identified as playing key roles in the maintenance of pregnancy and the onset of labor. We investigated and compared the early (2 with rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ ligand) and 2-methyl-4-((4-methyl-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)-methylsulfanyl)phenoxy-acetic acid (GW501516) (PPAR-δ ligand) on interleukin (IL)-1β–induced prostaglandin and cytokine production by amnion-derived WISH cells. We show that 15d-PGJ2 exerts differential effects depending on concentration. At low concentrations (1 μM).