Assessment of transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the detection of mitral regurgitation.

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Abstract
The value of transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was studied in six patients with competent mitral valve and in 12 patients with angiographically proved mild to moderately severe mitral regurgitation. The results were compared with those from the standard transthoracic method of investigation. The advantages of the esophageal over the transthoracic approach in the detection of mitral regurgitation are (1) absence of anatomic obstacles between the ultrasound transducer and the heart; (2) nearly parallel alignment of the ultrasound beam with the blood flow direction; (3) the use of high pulse repetition frequencies; and (4) detection of localized regurgitant jets by left atrial scanning. This results in a superior recording quality and greater sensitivity. Based on a specific systolic flow pattern in the time-interval histogram, mitral regurgitation was detected in all patients by the transesophageal technique (100% sensitivity), but in only 58% by the precordial approach. Thus, transesophageal pulsed Doppler echocardiography can accurately detect the presence of mitral regurgitation, particularly in cases of mild or moderate severity.