On the evaluation of the characteristic polynomial of a chemical graph

Abstract
The evaluation of the characteristic polynomial of a chemical graph is considered. It is shown that the operation count of the Le Verrier–Faddeev–Frame method, which is presently considered to be the most efficient method for the calculation of the characteristic polynomial, is of the order n4. Here n is the order of the adjacency matrix A or equivalently, the number of vertices in the graph G. Two new algorithms are described which both have the operation count of the order n3. These algorithms are stable, fast, and efficient. A related problem of finding a characteristic polynomial from the known eigenvalues λi of the adjacency matrix is also considered. An algorithm is described which requires only n(n − 1)/2 operations for the solution of this problem.

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