Landscape controls on phosphorus loading to boreal lakes: implications for the potential impacts of forest harvesting

Abstract
For 12 low-order lakes in the Western Boreal Forest of Canada, lake position in the groundwater flow system and surface hydrologic connection to wetlands accounted for 57% of the variation in the change in postharvest (1997) relative to preharvest (1996) open-water median total phosphorous concentration ([TP]). Changes in [TP] decreased with calcium and magnesium concentrations, indicating that the largest increases in [TP] are likely to occur in lakes located in areas of groundwater recharge or shallow local discharge. Changes in [TP] increased with the area of wetland connected to the lake, a measure of near-surface hydrologic flushing of TP to the lake. However, the remaining variation (43%) in the TP response of lakes to harvest was not explained by landscape-based criteria. This study illustrates that in landscapes with complex hydrogeology, factors controlling the chemical responses of lakes to disturbance are complex, remain poorly understood, and require further study.

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