Optimization of the Pharmacophore Model for 5-HT7R Antagonism. Design and Synthesis of New Naphtholactam and Naphthosultam Derivatives

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Abstract
We present in this study an optimization of a preliminary pharmacophore model for 5-HT7R antagonism, with the incorporation of recently reported ligands and using an efficient procedure with the CATALYST program. The model consists of five features: a positive ionizable atom (PI), a H-bonding acceptor group (HBA), and three hydrophobic regions (HYD). This model has been supported by the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new naphtholactam and naphthosultam derivatives of general structure I (39 − 72). A systematic structure−affinity relationship (SAFIR) study on these analogues has allowed us to confirm that the model incorporates the essential structural features for 5-HT7R antagonism. In addition, computational simulation of the complex between compound 56 and a rhodopsin-based 3D model of the 5-HT7R transmembrane domain has permitted us to define the molecular details of the ligand−receptor interaction and gives additional support to the proposed pharmacophore model for 5-HT7R antagonism: (i) the HBA feature of the pharmacophore model binds Ser5.42 and Thr5.43, (ii) the HYD1 feature interacts with Phe6.52, (iii) the PI feature forms an ionic interaction with Asp3.32, and (iv) the HYD3 (AR) feature interacts with a set of aromatic residues (Phe3.28, Tyr7.43). These results provide the tools for the design and synthesis of new ligands with predetermined affinities and pharmacological properties.