α-2,3-Sialyltransferase EnhancesNeisseria gonorrhoeaeSurvival during Experimental Murine Genital Tract Infection

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Abstract
The addition of host-derived sialic acid toNeisseria gonorrhoeaelipooligosaccharide is hypothesized to be an important mechanism by which gonococci evade host innate defenses. This hypothesis is based primarily on in vitro assays of complement-mediated and phagocytic killing. Here we report that a nonpolar α-2,3-sialyltransferase (lst) mutant ofN. gonorrhoeaewas significantly attenuated in its capacity to colonize the lower genital tract of 17-β estradiol-treated female BALB/c mice during competitive infection with the wild-type strain. Genetic complementation of thelstmutation restored recovery of the mutant to wild-type levels. Studies with B10.D2-HCoH2dH2-T18c/OSN (C5-deficient) mice showed that attenuation of thelstmutant was not due to increased sensitivity to complement-mediated bacteriolysis, a result that is consistent with recently reported host restrictions in the complement cascade. However, Lst-deficient gonococci were killed more rapidly than sialylated wild-type gonococci following intraperitoneal injection into normal mice, which is consistent with sialylation conferring protection against killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). As reported for human PMNs, sialylated gonococci were more resistant to killing by murine PMNs, and sialylation led to reduced association with and induction of a weaker respiratory burst in PMNs from estradiol-treated mice. In summary, these studies suggest sialylation confers a survival advantage toN. gonorrhoeaein mice by increasing resistance to PMN killing. This report is the first direct demonstration that α-2,3-sialyltransferase contributes toN. gonorrhoeaepathogenesis in an in vivo model. This study also validates the use of experimental murine infection to study certain aspects of gonococcal pathogenesis.