Geochemistry of amphibolites from the southern part of the Kohistan arc, N. Pakistan

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Abstract
The southern part of the Cretaceous Kohistan island arc is occupied by an extensive belt dominantly comprised of amphibolites. These include banded amphibolites of partly meta-volcanic parentage, and non-banded amphibolites derived from intrusive rock. In addition to being relict, banding has also been produced by shear deformation, metamorphic/metasomatic segregation and, possibly, by lit-par-lit injection of plagiogranitic material. Non-banded amphibolites also occur as retrograde products of noritic granulites forming the lopolithic Chilas complex. The chemistry of 37 rocks has been compared with those of known tectonic environments. The amphibolites have chemical characteristics similar to volcanic rocks found in island arcs and most of the analyses apparently support affinity with the calc-alkaline series. The amphibolites consist essentially of hornblende, plagioclase and/or epidote. Garnet and clinopyroxene have developed locally in rocks of appropriate bulk composition. Metamorphism may have taken place during the mid-Cretaceous under conditions of 550 to 680°C and 4.5 to 6.5 kbar PH2O. The metamorphic grade appears to increase from the centre of the southern belt toward the Chilas complex to the north and Indus-Zangbo suture (IZS) to the south. In the vicinity of the IZS, garnet-clinopyroxene ± amphibole assemblage developed locally in response to high P-T.