Four qubits can be entangled in nine different ways

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  • 6 September 2001
Abstract
We consider a single copy of a pure four-partite state of qubits and investigate its behaviour under the action of stochastic local quantum operations assisted by classical communication (SLOCC). This leads to a complete classification of all different classes of four-qubit states. It is shown that there exist nine families of states corresponding to nine essentially different ways of entangling four qubits. Furthermore we derive the SLOCC operations to be performed on an arbitrary state such as to maximize its 4-partite entanglement.

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