GPS Multipath Field Observations at Land and Water Sites

Abstract
The results of a campaign to measure multipath effects on pseudorange measurements of stationary receivers are presented. The multipath scenarios, which were intentionally selected, include steep earth embankments, overhead wires, fresh-and saltwater horizons, and railway right-of-way. An absorber screen was tested for its effectiveness in shielding antennas from low-angle multipath, and its performance is reported in each multipath situation. A convenient classification of multipath effects is presented based on the periodicity of the multipath interference and the nature of the interfering surface or object. An estimate of the pseudorange multipath error is presented in each case.

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