Studies on Orthoferrites at the Weizmann Institute of Science

The Curie point, lattice constants, sublattice magnetization, spontaneous magnetic moment, susceptibility, and the nonlinear susceptibility have been measured on the compounds RFeO₃ with R yttrium or a rare earth. The main conclusions from these measurements are: (1) The rare‐earth ions contribution to the magnetic properties of these materials at relatively high temperature is mainly through the geometrical effect of ionic radii. (2) The ratio of iron sublattice to the weak ferromagnetic moment shows that the canting angle is temperature independent. (3) Between liquid‐air temperature and the Curie point, the rare‐earth ions behave like a paramagnet in an effective magnetic field of the iron ions. This field is of the order of a few thousand gauss of either sign. (4) From measurements of the spontaneous moment, the susceptibility and the nonlinear dependence of the magnetization on applied fields it appears that the antisymmetric exchange interaction is responsible for the weak ferromagnetism of these materials. (5) It is found that near the Curie temperature there exists an appreciable deviation of the iron sublattice magnetization from the theoretical S = $\frac{5}{2}$ curve.