Cryptography with single-photon two-qubit states

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  • 16 January 2001
Abstract
We propose a cryptographic scheme in which Alice sends single photons to Bob and where, in marked contrast to other schemes, each photon is prepared in a two-qubit state. For example, one qubit can be the photon polarization, the other a spatial alternative. Each and every photon detected supplies one key bit, no photon is wasted. The security of the key distribution originates both in Alice's free choice of the two-qubit state sent and in Bob's random choice of the measurement performed on the photon he receives. An eavesdropper cannot infer all bits and his presence can be noticed by a significantly increased error rate.

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