On the basis of data on anthropological and psychological investigation of 30 XXY males, 30 XO females and 10 XXX females comparative characteristics of phenotypes of patients are given. The persons with X monosomy (the absence X- or Y-chromosomes) have decreased total body size to retain the ability to compensate congenital mental defects, use standard methods of the adaptation to social environment and assimilate standard norms of social behavior. The persons with trisomies XXY and XXX (the presence of the additional heterochromatic X-chromosome) have an increase of the longitudinal body sizes independent of sex. They have a delayed development of mental functions and reduced possibilities to compensatate for these function. They also have different degrees of disorganization of social behavior and a disadaptation to social environment. The patients with numerical anomalies of human X-chromosomes (both the lack and the excess of chromosome material) have a disturbance of development of the sex dimorphism and sex dipsychism.