Hemagglutination inhibition, single radial hemolysis, and ELISA tests for the detection of IgG and IgM to rubella virus

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Abstract
Hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH) and enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), performed with commercial antigen and reagents are described and were compared in the three distinct situations that require rubella antibody detection. Determination of immunity status was carried out on 156 sera. A degree of correlation > 0.9 was found when comparing the three methods. Analysis of a further 74 sera, from 31 primary infections and three congenital syndromes, was performed to compare the occurrence of the various classes of antibodies in the three tests: HI test and IgM-ELISA become positive the day after the rash, whereas SRH test is not positive before the sixth day. From our limited study bearing on a total of 230 sera, each test has a precise assignment. For the determination of immunity status, SRH is simpler, faster, and inexpensive; absence or evidence of past infection can be unequivocally obtained especially in cases of low (1:10, 1:20) residual immunity. In the seriodiagnosis of a rubella rash, SRH alone, due to the delayed rise in antibody titers, will demonstrate a complete seroconversion with a first serum collected up to the fifth day of the eruption. In case of absence of an early serum, of primary infection in a pregnant woman, of a newborn with suspicion of congenital syndrome, the measurement of rubella specific IgM is best obtained with ELISA, a procedure less time-consuming than HI following centrifugal, chromatographic, or electrophoretic separation. And “light” (8 S) RF with SRH test is discussed. Interference of IgM Rheumatoid Factor (RF) with IgM ELISA and IgG RF with SRH test is discussed.