Pregnancy Enzymes and Placental Polymorphism: I. Alkaline Phosphatase

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Abstract
Variations in alkaline phosphatase were examined in the sera of 331 pregnant mothers and in homogenates from 221 different placentae. By technical improvements the classification of placental alkaline phosphatase types was simplified. In addition to the 3 common types 4 new types are described. Placental alkaline phosphatase shows a hybrid enzyme formation similar to the larval alkaline phosphatase of Drosophila melanogaster. An electrophoretic parallel variation between the main pregnancy bands and another slow moving alkaline phosphatase (F bands) is interpreted as being caused by the presence of a common polypeptide chain. The placental alkaline phosphatase types were studied in relation to sex of child, birth order, ABO and Rh blood groups of the mother, placental weight, birth weight and gestation time. Between placental alkaline phosphatase types and gestation time there was a correlation of moderate degree. When calculating the expected frequencies of placental alkaline phosphatase types assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium a deficiency of the AB type was observed in 2 independent materials. This may be due to an intrauterine loss of heterozygotes.

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