Developmental Rates for the Alfalfa Blotch Leafminer, Agromyza frontella1,1 at Constant Temperatures2

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Abstract
Median developmental rates were determined at constant temperatures between 10° and 25°C for all immature stages of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Rondani). The preoviposition period and adult male lifespan were also determined. Larval survival was maximum at 20°C and minimum at 25°C although the developmental rates differed little between these 2 temperatures. The developmental rate-temperature relationship for eggs was linear over the experimental range. The egg period ranged from 3.5 to 12.4 days. The relationship was sigmoid for each larval instar. The total larval period ranged from 5.9 to 16.4 days. The relationship was exponential for pupae. The pupal period ranged from 15.9 to 61.5 days. Developmental rates for pupae under constant temperatures yielded valid simulations of adult emergence patterns under fluctuating temperature regimes in the field.

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