Cellular Immunotherapy of Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection Using Autologous Lymph Node Lymphocytes: Effects on Chemokine Production

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Abstract
A pilot study was undertaken in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection to examine the effects of infusing autologous lymph node lymphocytes that had been cultured ex vivo in conditions designed to maximize the specific secretion of HIV-1—suppressive factors, including β chemokines. Ten patients with CD4 cell counts between 119 and 436/μL on antiretroviral drugs received a single infusion of CD4 and CD8 lymph node lymphocytes. There were no serious acute or chronic adverse clinical effects. Increases in serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β) and increases in the production of MIP-1β by peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to HIV-1 env were observed. Increases in CD4 and CD8 cell counts and skin test reactivity to recall antigens and decreases in HIV-1 virus load were also observed. This cellular immunotherapy can modulate β chemokine production in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection and may contribute immunorestorative and antiviral activities.

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