Morphogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been implicated as the etiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and is a member of the subfamily Lentivirinae within the family Retroviridae. HIV type 1 (HIV-1) contains three major genes, gag, pol and env, which code for (1) core proteins, (2) a protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase, and (3) envelope glycoproteins, respectively. The core proteins pi 7, p24 and pi 5 are derived from gag precursor, p55, by endoproteolytic cleavage. The two nucleic-acid-binding proteins p7 and p9 are synthesized from pi 5 by proteolytic cleavage. These two structural proteins are apparently needed for the ribonucleoprotein-core formation. The envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 (gp120-gp41 complex) are also generated by cleavage env precursors, gp1 60. The assembly of HIV-1 particles, like other retroviruses, appears to involve the association of the env precursor gpl60 with the gag proteins. There are several factors which influence the assembly and budding process of HIV-1. In this article, we describe important events in HIV-1 morphogenesis and factors which influence this aspect of the HIV-1 life cycle.

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