Cytogenetic studies in Papaver. V. Cytogenetic studies on P. somniferum*P. setigerum hybrids and amphiploids.

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Abstract
Hybrids between P. somniferum and P. setigerum had mean pairing as 10.7II + 11.6I at metaphase I. Rarely was 1 trivalent observed. Late stages of meiosis indicated abnormalities, e.g., laggards, precociously dividing chromosomes, etc. In the F2, plants with 2n = 23-34 chromosomes were obtained. The presence 12II in the triploid hybrids indicated homologies between P. somniferum and P. setigerum genomes. In addition autosynsesis between some of the chromosomes of second P. setigerum genomes occurred. The amphiploids, raised following colchicine treatment, had mean pairing of 0.65IV + 0.65III + 26.9II + 7.65I at metaphase I. There was low frequency of multivalents. The bivalent pairing is attributed to strong differential affinity between chromosomes of the same origin in the amphiploid. The occurrence of a genetic system promoting bivalent formation in the P. setigerum species is indicated. The possible role of other species, P. glaucum, P. orientale and P. aculeatum in the origin of P. somniferum and P. setigerum is discussed. Analysis of F2 and backcrosses were used in interpreting the genome relationships of P. somniferum and P. setigerum species.

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