DNA sequences required for the in vitro replication of adenovirus DNA.

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Abstract
Initiation of adenovirus (Ad) DNA replication occurs on viral DNA containing a 55-kilodalton (kDa) protein at the 5'' terminus of each viral DNA strand and on plasmid DNA containing the origin of Ad replication but lacking the 55-kDa terminal protein (TP). Initiation of replication proceeds via the synthesis of a covalent complex between an 80-kDa precursor to the TP (pTP) and the 5''-terminal deoxynucleotide, dCMP. Formation for the covalent pTP-dCMP initiation complex with Ad DNA as the template requires the viral-encoded pTP and DNA polymerase and, in the presence of the Ad DNA binding protein, is dependent upon a 47-kDa host protein, nuclear factor I. Initiation of replication with recombinant plasmid templates requires the aforementioned proteins and an additional host protein, factor pL. Deletion mutants of the Ad DNA replication origin contained within the 6,6-kilobase plasmid pLA1 were used to analyze the nucleotide sequences required for the formation and subsequent elongation of the pTP-dCMP initiation complex. The existence of 2 domains within the first 50 base pairs of the Ad genome, both of which are required for the efficient use of recombinant DNA molecules as templates in an in vitro DNA replication system, was demonstrated. The 1st domain, consisting of a 10-base-pair core sequence located at nucleotide positions 9-18, was identified tentatively as a binding site for the pTP. The 2nd domain, consisting of a 32-base-pair region spanning nucleotides 17-48, was shown to be essential for the binding of nuclear factor I.