The Application of the Hydrogen Bond Theory to Some Questions of Nomenclature

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Abstract
The hydrogen bond is considered to be a special case of the oscillating ion bond (OIB bond). An OIB solvent is described as one -built up by smaller, rapidly oscillating ions, X+, and more stationary ions, stator ions Stm+ Solvents with ions of the opposite charge, X− and Stm+, are not discussed. An idealized OIB solvent, (XSt)a, with linear OIB aggregates formed as long, curled chains, is constructed. The mean aggregation value, MT(a), is their fundamental parameter. The linear OIB medium is suitable for deductions. From the conditions at rupture of the linear OIB chain, the apparent dissociation into X+ and St− ions is demonstrated. The more natural medium is that of net or cage aggregates, (XmSt). For them, the fundamental parameter is the percentage of oscillation possibilities not used, denoted MT(b). It is impossible to determine which of the X+ and Stm− ions form the molecule (XmSt). It is so unstable that it must be called a pseudo molecule. Polar solvents containing single molecules with parts of electrical asymmetry (local dipole moments) or their association products behave differently from OIB media. In this paper they are called dipolar solvents. Common salt ions, denoted B+ and A−, are oriented and associated to local dipoles in dipolar as well as in OIB solvents. The ions of the OIB medium itself, X+ and (XnSt)(m-n)-, behave differently from the ions B+ or A−. These medium ions change the structure of the medium itself. Chemical individuals which increase the apparent X+ ion content without introduction of other kinds of cations and without destroying (XmSt) pseudomolecules are called acids. Correspondingly, an alkali is a chemical individual which increases the (XnSt)(m-n)-ion content. If X+ reacts to form a complex ion, AoX+, the apparent content of (xnst) (m-n)-ions will increase. Thus, Ao is said to be a pseudoalkali. In the same way, (XnSt) (m-n-p)-ions may be involved with complexes such as /BoP+(XnSt)/ (m-n-p)-. As the apparent content of St-containing ions decreases, the medium is acidified. Hence, a chemical individual such as BoAp- may be called a pseudoacid. The formation of solvent ions is characteristic of OIB media; it does not occur in pure dipolar solvents. The extraordinarily high electrical conductivity for solvent ions characterizes a solvent with net or cage aggregates. The model for the OIB solvents is built up on the X+ ions. pX = -log10/X+ is an expression for the description of the medium. It corresponds to the use of pH in aqueous systems. The number of H+ ions calculated from the pH value denotes the number of chains ending in H+. A pH scale for description of OIB solutions with (XmSt) as dominating pseudomolecule cannot be used for solutions of another OIB medium (XnV). If both solvents are miscible in all proportions, there will be one proportion, giving the critical mixture, where the pX scale has to be shifted.

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