New Zone Refining Techniques for Chemical Compounds

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Abstract
Improved apparatus has been developed for the zone refining of organic and inorganic compounds. A new heating technique utilizes natural convection in the liquid and slow rotation of a horizontal charge tube to achieve unusually short zone lengths in tubes of modest diameter. A new cooling technique utilizes direct contact of liquid coolant with the charge tube to achieve short interzone spacing and flat liquid‐solid interfaces. Either or both techniques are useful for metals and semiconductors as well, and for other operations such as zone leveling, normal freezing, and the growth of single crystals.

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